Grafting Underarm Stitches – With No Holes!

Grafting Underarm Gussets with No Holes

I love knitting (and designing) seamless sweaters knit from the bottom up. The body and sleeves are knit separately from the hem (cuff) to the underarm, where they’re united to form the yoke – the rows are long, but you get to decrease a lot! When you get to the Finishing instructions though, there’s a line that can be daunting to knitters unfamiliar with the construction:

Close underarms using Kitchener stitch.

-or-

Graft underarm stitches closed.

(or something to that effect)

Side note: What’s the difference between Kitchener stitch and grafting? Nothing really. They both refer to stitching together sets of live stitches to create a seamless join. I think grafting can also refer to joining bound off stitches (say two sets of shoulder stitches) in a mostly invisible way by mimicking the structure of knitted fabric, as opposed to mattress stitch or a straight seam like backstitch.

I know a lot of knitters have trouble getting that underarm join nice and neat without holes at the edges, so I thought I’d put together a tutorial on how I do graft underarm gussets! There are a few different variations out there, including working a three-needle bind off at the inside of the sweater rather than grafting, but with many, many sweaters under my belt I think I’ve got it down pretty well! I took these photos while I was finishing the blue sweater from my last post, which should be ready for release this month!

Click on any of the photos to see them BIG!

The Setup

underarm gusset setup

Here’s the before – the underarm gusset stitches from the arm (top) and body (bottom) have been held on scrap yarn, and I’ve left a tail from the sleeve to use for grafting. Arrange your knitting so that this tail is coming off the back right of the gap. The length of the tail will depend on how many stitches you have to graft, but 12-18″ is usually more than enough for an underarm gusset.

set up for grafting

Place your held stitches back onto needles. I’m using a circular needle here, so I want to thread it through the stitches with the points towards the end of the gap with the tail (the right). If you use double pointed needles here, it doesn’t really matter which direction you put them in, because you can knit off either end! Once your stitches are back on the needles (fig. 3), carefully open the scrap yarn and pull it out of the stitches. Thread the tail onto a tapestry needle – I love the bent tip ones for this (fig. 4).

Right Side Gap

right side underarm gap

Figure 1 shows how large the gap is at the edge, between the two sets of gusset stitches. If you skip this area and just start grafting, you will indeed end up with a hole here! And since the tail of yarn is attached to the knitting already, you wouldn’t have a convenient piece to close the hole with afterwards. So I’m going to thread the tapestry needle in and out along this edge (fig. 2 and 3) to gather it up. In figure 4 you can see that I’ve pulled the tapestry needle through and you can’t even really see the yarn I’ve woven in there!

3underarm-graftsetup

Here’s the last little bit that I’m gathering up before starting the actual Kitchener stitch.

Kitchener Stitch

Note: This is the way I’ve always done my Kitchener stitch – I think I learned it from Sally Melville’s The Knit Stitch book back in the day (haha, maybe 10 years ago). The rhythm of this set up sticks well in my mind, and I don’t ever have to look it up now. I close sock toes the same way.

working Kitchener stitch

Ready to Kitchener stitch those two sets of gusset stitches together!

Figure 1. Insert the tapestry needle into the stitch on the front needle, as if to purl. Leave it on the needle.

Figure 2. Insert the tapestry needle into the stitch on the back needle, as if to purl. Remove this stitch from the needle (fig. 3).

Figure 4. Insert the tapestry needle into the stitch on the back needle, as if to knit. Leave it on the needle.

Figure 5. Insert the tapestry needle into the stitch on the front needle, as if to knit. Remove this stitch from the needle.

Figure 6 shows what the grafting stitches look like before you tighten them up.

grafting underarm stitches

Here’s about half of the grafting done. Snug up the yarn as you graft, but don’t pull it too tightly or it’ll cinch in the fabric – we’re going for nice and smooth, matching the tension of the knitted fabric.

Here’s the shorter way I remember the steps of Kitchener stitch:

Front, purl, on; back, purl, off.

Back, knit, on; front, knit, off.

The Last Couple Stitches

grafting underarm stitches

Here are the last pair of stitches – one on each needle. How do you finish this off? Go into the front stitch purlwise and leave it on as usual (fig. 1), then into the back stitch purlwise (fig. 2). Remove this stitch from the back needle, then insert your tapestry needle under both legs of the next stitch in the fabric (fig. 3). Then go knitwise into the last stitch and remove it from the needle.

Here’s how it looks once the grafting is complete. Pretty good, but what about that hole?

left side underarm gap

Left Side Gap

close the left side underarm gap

You want to close the left side gap in a similar manner to the right side, by weaving the needle in and out of the fabric in a circle to gather it up (fig. 1-3). Pull it up tight and the gap is gone! Then you just need to bring the end to the inside and weave it in – if you’re still having gaps after all this, you can use this tail to help close it up even more on the inside.

Finished!

finished underarm gusset with no holes

And we’re done! Grafting underarm stitches without holes or gaps takes a little bit of practice, but once you’ve gotten the hang of it, it’s really quite easy. I would love it if you share this tutorial – gapless underarm gussets for all!

Thanks so much to Stephanie from Dirty Water Dyeworks for the beautiful Targhee yarn that I used to design this sweater.


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18 responses to “Grafting Underarm Stitches – With No Holes!”

  1. lilirious Avatar

    Great tutorial! I always end up with holes, so I’ll be sure to try this next time! :D

  2. Heather Avatar

    I always think about the difference between Kitchener stitch and grafting as the same as Kleenex and tissues. Kleenex/Kitchener is simply a specific type of tissues/grafting.

    1. Lucy Neatby Avatar

      Perfect analogy Heather. Love grafting it is your friend and hugely powerful.

  3. Allison Byrd Avatar
    Allison Byrd

    Thanks for the helpful tutorial! I had actually already done the Kitchener stitch when I came across your tutorial, but was able to use each end of the new yarn used for the grafting to close up the hole on either side in the way you described. It closed the holes up tightly, but with no puckering and it seems to be pretty strong — a good feature at a stress point in the garment!

  4. Janie Avatar
    Janie

    I just used this tutorial to guide me in grafting the underarms of my first seamless sweater. I am so pleased with the results! It was easy to follow and your photos were so helpful. THANK YOU for sharing your expertise with the knitting community – much appreciated!

    1. Dawn Avatar
      Dawn

      I have just joined my sleeves and body and am creating the yoke. I ran across this site in the search for help with the join. I will definitely come back to this to site when finishing the armholes. Thanks you for the excellent detail and photos.

  5. Marie Laplante Avatar
    Marie Laplante

    Thanks so much for this tutorial! I am a beginner and I am just about to graft underarm stitches on my icelandic sweater. I have been working forever on it and it looks perfect, but I am very much afraid it will be too tight under the arms. I saw that for sweaters with a seam, it is possible to knit a gusset and attach it to the underarms to make the underarm hole bigger. Is there a similar technique that I can do on my seamless sweater to make it larger underarm before grafting?

    Thank you so much,
    Marie-Pier

  6. Marie Avatar
    Marie

    thank you

  7. Tereza Avatar
    Tereza

    Finally an underarm I´m not ashamed of! Thank you.

  8. […] sewing was a bit tricky since I had huge holes before and after the grafting, but this tutorial was clear enough to help me through this […]

  9. Beth Theis Avatar
    Beth Theis

    Laura, what a tidy result from following your tutorial. I still use your helpful sock book after all these years. This is a Canadian trifecta – you credit Sally Melville and I see a Lucy Neatby comment. Thanks again.

  10. […] Attacher les dernières mailles sous le raglan a été un peu sportif car j’avais comme une gros trou en début et fin de raglan. Un p’tit tour sur le web et j’ai trouvé une technique pour éviter çà (c’est ici). […]

  11. Randie Ryning Avatar
    Randie Ryning

    Thanks. Fabulous! Finally a very tidy graft.

  12. Grayce Avatar
    Grayce

    I cannot tell you how grateful I am for this excellent instruction!! I have watched at least a dozen videos on how to do this and I always end up with the ugliest seam. This is so perfect I can’t believe I did it!!! You are a legend!!!! Thank you.

  13. Malena Avatar
    Malena

    Tutorial video please!!!!

  14. […] two-at-a-time, recommended by Teresa.Armhole grafting without holes tutorial.Zipper installation part 1 and part 2, by Teresa for this […]

  15. Bbb Avatar
    Bbb

    im sorry this looks super messy.

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